Quetzalcóatl est le dieu du vent, maître de la vie, créateur et civilisateur, patron de tous les arts et inventeur de la métallurgie. Quetzalcoatl Art. Die Europäer gewinnen den Erdball. Containing a round temple dedicated to the cult of Quetzalcoatl-Ehécatl, Cholula was considered a pilgrimage destination across Central Mexico. As the morning star, he was known by the title Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, meaning "lord of the star of the dawn." Codex: Borbonicus The God Quetzalcoatl is the Feathered Serpent or Precious Twin. Similar to what happened with the gods of the Greek and Roman cultures, there is usually some confusion when it comes to pointing out several aspects of any Mesoamerican civilization, like the Aztec calendar for instance, which is frequently associated with the Mayan people. 23 «Xolotl », Codex Borbonicus, planche 16 «Xolotl », Codex Borbonicus, planche 16. The Great Pyramid is 25 degrees north of west, oriented to the setting sun at the summer solstice. 78r (Click on image to enlarge), Pic 5: Quetzalcóatl-Ehécatl. Latter-day Saint scholar Brant Gardner, after investigating the link between Quetzalcoatl and Jesus, concluded that the association amounts to nothing more than folklore. Over the West presides the White Tezcatlipoca, Quetzalcoatl, the god of light, justice, mercy and wind. He was regarded as the god of winds and rain … Itzá Kukulcán, Quiché Q'uq'umatz) ist eine synkretistische Gottheit mehrerer mesoamerikanischer Kulturen, darunter der Tolteken, der Azteken und der Maya.Bei dem Gott Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli dürfte es sich um eine besondere Erscheinungsform des Quetzalcoatl handeln. Quetzalcoatl as depicted in the Codex Borbonicus. Quetzalcoatl as depicted in the Codex Borbonicus. Place of devotion: Offerings were regularly presented to Quetzalcoatl in Tenochtitlan, but he was also celebrated in other cities like Cholula and Chichén Itzá. Quetzalcoatl, le dieu aztèque et toltèque; le serpent emplumé, dieu du vent, l’apprentissage et le sacerdoce, maître de la vie, créateur et civilisateur, patron de chaque art et inventeur de la métallurgie, dans le Codex Borbonicus. Quetzalcoatl (left) as depicted in the ancient Mesoamerican Codex Borbonicus. In the Codex's description of the first meeting between Moctezuma and Cortés, the Aztec ruler is described as giving a prepared speech in classical oratorial Nahuatl, a speech which, as described in the codex written by the Franciscan Bernardino de Sahagún and his Tlatelolcan informants, included such prostrate declarations of divine or near-divine admiration as. Norse equivalent Historian Matthew Restall concludes that: Quetzalcoatl Mural in Acapulco by Diego Rivera. Codex Féjervary Mayer, fol.35 (Click on image to enlarge), Pic 12: Quetzalcoatl (upper right). Codex Borbonicus is written by Aztec priests sometime after the Spanish conquest of Mexico. When the brothers separated the sky from the earth, they even turned into the trees that held the two apart, earnings the names of Quetzalhuéxotl and Tezcacahuitl.Quetzalcoatl’s life-giving ability gave rise to many of the things around us. También tenía formas antropomórficas, por ejemplo en sus apariencia como Ehecatl el creador del viento. LDS Church President John Taylor wrote: The story of the life of the Mexican divinity, Quetzalcoatl, closely resembles that of the Savior; so closely, indeed, that we can come to no other conclusion than that Quetzalcoatl and Christ are the same being. Quetzalcoatl et sa compagne, peinture d'un manuscrit aztèque, le Codex Barbonicus. Did Motecuhzoma really think Cortés was a god? The Aztec Codex Borbonicus, 'Tonalamatl', detail depicting Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca was created around the 16th century. (Mediation and Atonement, p. Monolithic sculpture Tlazolteotl . The Codex Borbonicus is the best preserved, most artistically developed and generally agreed to be the most pleasing (to Western art specialists) of the Aztec calendar-manuscripts that exist today. Quetzalcoatl was also depicted in the Codex Magliabechiano. Él era una deidad creadora que había contribuido esencialmente a la creación de la Humanidad. 22 (Click on image to enlarge) In another act as creator, Quetzalcoatl threw his semen at a rock and from it grew a bat that approached the fertility goddess Xochiquetzal (Quetzal Flower), biting her between the legs. Since the sixteenth century, it has been widely held that the Aztec Emperor Montezuma II initially believed the landing of Hernán Cortés in 1519 to be Quetzalcoatl's return. The gods Oxomoco and Cipactonal throw lots with grains of corn, Codex Borbonicus ( Mexico Lore ) Another type of corn story comes from the Ojibwa people of southern Canada and the northern United States in the Great Lakes Region. In another story, the virgin Chimalman conceived Quetzalcoatl swallowing an emerald. In a version of the myth, Quetzalcoatl was born by a virgin named Chimalman, to whom the god Onteol appeared in a dream. This image from the sixteenth century Codex Borbonicus (pic 8, right) shows his conical hat made from the fur of an Ocelot. Codex Borbonicus fol. See more ideas about aztec, mesoamerican, aztec culture. Hans Ebeling published the book ‘ Die Reise in die Vergangenheit III. He was known as the inventor of books and the calendar, the giver of maize (corn) to mankind, and sometimes as a symbol of death and resurrection. His hair is red and his body painted with red and white stripes. Courtesy of the Newberry Library, Chicago Learn about this topic in these articles: Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca Mask from British museum Tlaloc . A Quetzalcoatl temple was also created at the complex of Ciudadela and the hieroglyphic depiction of Quetzalcoatl was included in the Codex Borbonicus. Le codex aztèque Borbonicus, "Tonalamatl", détail dépeignant Quetzalcoatl et Tezcatlipoca a été créé autour du XVIème siècle. Some Franciscans at this time held millennarian beliefs and some of them believed that Cortés' coming to the New World ushered in the final era of evangelization before the coming of the millennium. Why did Quetzalcoatl have so many guises? Download 9 Codex Borbonicus Stock Illustrations, Vectors & Clipart for FREE or amazingly low rates! Cholula is known to have remained the most important center of worship to Quetzalcoatl, the Aztec/Nahua version of the feathered serpent deity, in the post-classic period. The conch shell is symbolic of the ancestral bones from which Quetzalcoatl created humankind as we know it. Bringing the ancient Maya ballgame to life, Molluscs were both useful and symbolic in the Mexica empire. He was a patron of many crafts such as writing, and metal and stone work and represented workers of these crafts. Photograph: Mireille Vautier/Alamy. He is the god of fertility, of the wind, of life, of maize and of agriculture, and is said to have taught humans how to … Codex Borbonicus. Various theories about Quetzalcoatl are popular in the New Age movement, especially since the publication of Tony Shearer's 1971 book Lord of the dawn: Quetzalcoatl and the Tree of Life republished also under the title Lord of the dawn: Quetzalcoatl, the plumed serpent of Mexico. Quetzalcoatl (Nahuatl Quetzalcōātl = „Quetzalschlange“ bzw. In the Aztec ritual calendar, different deities were associated with the cycle-of-year names: Quetzalcoatl was tied to the year Ce Acatl (One Reed), which correlates to the year 1519. Sahagún (Book III, chapter III) also made special mention of their devotion to him. Borbonicus Home talk among the Aztecs revolved around anything but blood... Browse through photos snapped in recent schools... There’s only one Aztec drawing of the (fig) paper tree. p. 529 Wikipédia Wikimédia Bridgeman Art Library / Getty Images „leuchtende Schwanzfederschlange“; Mayathan bzw. Ehécatl is the wind god form of the deity Quetzalcoatl, also known as the feathered serpent deity and … Powers: As we know from stories of old, Quetzalcoatl’s physical powers and intelligence knew no bounds. The name Quetzalcoatl literally means "feathered snake". Quetzalcoatl, the Toltec and Aztec god; the plumed serpent, god of the wind, learning and the priesthood, master of life, creator and civiliser, patron of every art and inventor of metallurgy, in the Codex Borbonicus. He is chopping a tree on the upper left hand side, and on a decorated platform on the lower left hand side. Quetzalcoatl in human form, from the Codex Borbonicus. Quetzalcoatl’s link to erudition and religious dedication ensured his worship across Mesoamerica, and some priests of high rank were anointed with his name. Using ancient sounds in modern music compositions, ‘Do you know the names of all the Aztec gods?’, What happened to the Aztec gods after the Conquest? The most important deity in the Aztec pantheon, Tezcatlipoca or Quetzalcoatl is also one of the oldest, first appearing during the pre-Mexica Teotihuacan era. Codex Borbonicus/Aztec. The meaning of his local name in other Mesoamerican languages is similar. Equivalents L'embaumement du corps. God Most Mesoamerican beliefs included cycles of suns. Bridgeman Art Library / Getty Images He is featured on the left in the upper and lower panels of the page. Legend says that Ce Acatl Topiltzin and the Toltecs left Tula after being tricked and shamed by Quetzalcoatl’s brother, the deity Tezcatlipoca. Guðrún Guðmundsdóttir and Björn Thorsteinsson translated Ebeling’s book into Icelandic. One of them is the Codex Borgia, an Aztec manuscript made during the late Post-Classic period, which stretched from about 1250 until about 1521. The exact significance and attributes of Quetzalcoatl varied somewhat between civilizations and through history. Codex Magliabechiano, fol.61r (Click on image to enlarge), Pic 6: Designs for Quechtin, or blankets. Quetzalcóatl and his partner, painting of an Aztec manuscrpit, the Codex Borbonicus The first people to grow cacao trees were the Maya, one of the oldest civilisations on the American continent. Quetzalcóatl and his partner, painting of an Aztec manuscrpit, the Codex Borbonicus. In a version of the myth, Quetzalcoatl was born by a virgin named Chimalman, to whom the god Onteol appeared in a dream. At temples such as the aptly named "Quetzalcoatl temple" in the Ciudadela complex, feathered serpents figure prominently and alternate with a different kind of serpent head. And over the North presides the Black Tezcatlipoca, known by no other name than Tezcatlipoca, the god of judgment, night, deceit, sorcery and the Earth. May 4, 2016 - Explore Charles A's board "Aztecs Codex" on Pinterest. File:Xochicalco Serpiente Emplumada GR.jpg, https://mythology.wikia.org/wiki/Quetzalcoatl?oldid=118623. This saga mentions two possible Vikings w… Similar in theme to the Aztec Codex Borbonicus, the Borgia features a page-by-page portrayal of the various divisions of the sacred 260 day calendar, including the division of the calendar into trecenas, twenty "months" of thirteen days with a different god presiding over each trecena. He was a creator deity … 100% satisfaction guaranteed. The feathered serpent was furthermore connected to the planet Venus because of this planet's importance as a sign of the beginning of the rainy season. To both Teotihuacan and Mayan cultures, Venus was in turn also symbolically connected with warfare. ... quetzalcoatl. Images of serpents have been represented in Mesoamerican art since Olmec times, and we know that they are related to fertility and the earth. With this appendage he was able to sweep the roads clean before the arrival of the rain gods (pic 5). Like all pre-Columbian Aztec codices, it was originally pictorial in nature, although some Spanish descriptions were later added. The human and animal were born at the same time, and hence shared the same mechanisms of the calender. Colonial documentary sources from the Maya area frequently speak of the arrival of foreigners from the central Mexican plateau, often led by a man whose name translates as "Feathered Serpent"; it has been suggested that these stories recall the spread of the feathered serpent cult in the epi-classic and early post-classic periods. Readers will find this month's special topic mouth-watering! Other parties have also promulgated the idea that the Mesoamericans believed the conquistadors, and in particular Cortés, to be awaited gods: most notably the historians of the Franciscan order such as Fray Gerónimo de Mendieta. Although probably not exactly a depiction of the same feathered serpent deity worshipped in classic and post-classic periods, it shows the continuity of symbolism of feathered snakes in Mesoamerica from the formative period and on, for example in comparison to the Mayan Vision Serpent shown below. Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca, Codex Borbonicus, Ca XVI century AD. Under the guise of wind, he was called Quetzalcoatl-Ehécatl and was considered a great cultural hero. Bird, Snake, Dog, Wind, Priest, Roadsweeper... even Planet! So the combination of quetzalli "precious feather" and coatl "snake" has often been interpreted as signifying a serpent with the feathers of Quetzal. He was also the patron god of the Aztec priesthood, of learning and knowledge. Creation MythsQuetzalcoatl-Ehécatl and his crafty brother Tezcatlipoca were in the business of creation. Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca were brothers in divine myths, where they worked together as creators, and against each other in acts of destruction. Furthermore, early Spanish sources written by clerics tend to identify the god-ruler Quetzalcoatl of these narratives with either Hernán Cortés or St. Thomas—an identification which is also a source of diversity of opinions about the nature of Quetzalcoatl. 07v (Click on image to enlarge), Pic 8: Quetzalcoatl (left) and Tezcatlipoca in one of a two-page binding together of the lunar and solar calendars. Both of The Two are shown as old and with the black hair of starless darkness, the void from which they arose self existent. His heart became the morning star. In the post-classic Nahua civilization of central Mexico, the worship of Quetzalcoatl was ubiquitous. This speech, which has been widely referred to, has been a factor in the widespread belief that Moctezuma was addressing Cortés as the returning god Quetzalcoatl. Much of the idea of Cortés' being seen as a deity can be traced back to the Florentine Codex written down some 50 years after the conquest. La série la plus remarquable faisant explicitant référence aux codex mexicains est celle des Códices Indigenas Mexicanos éditée à partir du 2 octobre 1982, après validation du projet soumis par la Comisión Consultiva de Emisiones Postales Conmemorativas y Especiales. Aztec round dance for Quetzalcóatl and Xolotl (a dog-headed god who is Quetzalcóatl's companion), detail from a facsimile Codex Borbonicus (folio 26), c. 1520; original in the Chamber of Deputies, Paris, France. It was also venerated and called Kukulkan among the Yucatec Maya and Q'uq'umatz and Tohilamong the K'iche' Maya. Mar 14, 2019 - This Pin was discovered by Maria Felix Banda. These calendar- manuscripts were compiled before the Spanish conquest or in the years immediately after. Codex aztèque précolombien Borbonicus, "Tonalamatl", détail dépeignant Quetzalcoatl et Tezcatlipoca situés au Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, Paris, France. Quetzalcoatl’s Cosmological Origins. La première mention de son existence date de 1778 : il se trouve alors à la Bibliothèque de l’Escurial en Espagne [1]. Discover (and save!) It is a matter of much debate among historians to which degree, or whether at all, these narratives about this legendary Toltec ruler describe historical events. The trecena was marked by the Aztec nobility who made offerings in Calmecacs, learning institutions for noble children. One of the main functions of a calender like that in Codex Borbonicus was to interpret that fate. The earliest iconographic depiction of the deity is believed to be found on Stela 19 at the Olmec site of La Venta, depicting a serpent rising up behind a person probably engaged in a shamanic ritual. Codex Borgia, fol.19 (Click on image to enlarge), Pic 10: Aztec stone sculpture of Xolotl, National Anthropology Museum, Mexico City (Wikipedia) (Click on image to enlarge), Pic 11: Quetzalcoatl-Ehécatl (upper-right). Códices Indigenas Mexicanos . 2014-11-23 - --Page 22-- Codex Borbonicus (Loubat 1899) Quetzalcoatl (L) A third story narrates that Chimalman was hit in the womb by an arrow bolted by Mixcoatl and nine months later she gave birth to a child which was called Quetzalcoatl. Codex Borbonicus fol. Quetzal feathers were a rare and precious commodity in the Aztec culture. Find art you love and shop high-quality art prints, photographs, framed artworks and posters at Art.com. Image of Ehécatl Quetzalcoatl from the Codex Borbonicus Aztec culture Original image, 1325-1521 C.E. La mort de Quetzalcoatl. Xolotl, the Evening StarTlahuizcalpentecuhtli could only guard the sun as it crossed the daytime sky. The first culture to use the symbol of a feathered serpent as an important religious and political symbol was Teotihuacan. On the basis of the iconography of the feathered serpent deity at sites such as Teotihuacan, Xochicalco, Chichén Itzá, Tula and Tenochtitlan combined with certain ethnohistorical sources, historian David Carrasco has argued that the preeminent function of the feathered serpent deity throughout Mesoamerican history was as the patron deity of the Urban center, a god of culture and civilization. As an Aztec deity, he was one of four sons of the creator god Ometeotl, associated with the wind god, and the patron god of arts and knowledge. Species But what were his monster-killing, sky-lifting and star-forming capacities in the face of his sneaky brother Tezcatlipoca? He also had anthropomorphic forms, for example in his aspects as Ehecatl the wind god. Most documents expounding this theory are of entirely Spanish origin, such as Cortés's letters to Charles V of Spain, in which Cortés goes to great pains to present the naïve gullibility of the Aztecs in general as a great aid in his conquest of Mexico. He first donned bird-like features in the Olmec period (1400-400 BC), becoming a Quetzal-feathered Serpent in the Classic period (200-900 AD), long before the Aztecs were around (1325-1521 AD). Do you know the names of all the Aztec gods? Quetzalcoatl (left) fights Tezcatlipoca, from Codex Borbonicus, Mexico, c.1521. To save children born during the worst phase of 1 Reed, the Aztecs held childrens’ naming ceremonies on or after the 7th day of the week (7 Rain) as the following days were more auspicious. Chaque combat mettait fin à l'une des quatre époques de l'his To the Aztecs, Quetzalcoatl was, as his name indicates, a feathered serpent, a flying reptile (much like a dragon), who was a boundary-maker (and transgressor) between earth and sky. The first keeper of written records, he was patron of the Calmecac, a school for noble children who learned to paint histories and astrology, as well as practice the art of war. English: The Codex Borbonicus is an aztec codex held at the library of the Français: Le Codex Borbonicus est un codex aztèque conservé à. Nov 23, 2014 - Codices from Bibliothéque Du Palais Bourbon - Codex Borbonicus (Loubat 1899) Interestingly, Quetzalcoatl was noted by Sahagún in the Florentine Codex to be the patron of this supernatural lawbreaker. Représentation de Quetzalcoatl dans le Codex Magliabechiano. This is because he dropped, but then saved, the bones of humankind as he tripped over a quail while escaping from the Mictlan (Graulich, 1996). Entwined in the annals of history, both god and historical figure became one. This image from the Codex Borgia (pic 9) shows Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli displaying the quincunx: five circles associated with Venus. Detail from the Codex Borbonicus, showing Quetzalcoatl, the mythical Aztec feather serpent. According to another version of the myth, Quetzalcoatl is one of the four sons of Ometecuhtli and Omecihuatl, the four Tezcatlipocas, each of whom presides over one of the four cardinal directions. Quetzalcoatl was associated with the windgod Ehecatl and is often depicted with his insignia: a beak-like mask. Quetzalcoatl is a Mesoamerican deity whose name comes from the Nahuatl language and means "feathered serpent". End of Tula ’ s Book into Icelandic also venerated and called Kukulkan among the Yucatec Maya and Q'uq'umatz Tohilamong! And Q'uq'umatz and Tohilamong the K'iche ' Maya was known by the title of the morning,. 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