Structural functionalism, or in many contexts simply functionalism, is a broad perspective in sociology and anthropology which sets out to interpret society as a structure with interrelated parts. © BrainMass Inc. brainmass.com December 15, 2020, 8:48 pm ad1c9bdddf, Evolutionary, Adapation, Sensory Systems & Brain Receptors, Organizational Change and Quality of Life Programs Approach, Global Project Management and Future Trends. To those whom are sensitive to such claims about marriage of the same sex, they appear In sociology, many perspectives are used to understand human society. Gender roles are an important part of the economic function of a family. This is also referred to as institutionalized heterosexuality, the set of ideas, institutions, and relationships that define the heterosexual family as the societal norm (Lind 2004). This is the bonding with society and individuals to justify if society is adaptive. Many people in the United States are resistant to government intervention in the family: parents do not want the government to tell them how to raise their children or to become involved in domestic issues. family: A group of people related by blood, marriage, law or custom. Many cultures have marriage, though its definition varies. Functionalist Theory Perspective of Family Meet the need to socialize children and reproduce new members. When considering the role of family in society, functionalists uphold the notion that families are an important social institution and that they play a key role in stabilizing society. Today, a “good father” is one who takes the time outside of work to promote his children’s emotional well-being, social skills, and intellectual growth—in some ways, a much more daunting task. The family—and its members—perform certain functions that facilitate the prosperity and development of society. It has its origins in the works of Emile Durkheim, who was especially interested in how social order is possible or how society remains relatively stable. Their view is that institutions have not provided adequate instruction and that marriage partners should conform to a higher societal standard. Functionalism is all about promoting communication, cohesiveness and uniformity. They also note that family members take on status roles in a marriage or family. A well-mannered child reflects a well-mannered parent. d. feminist perspective Question 29 Donna, a 33-year-old divorcee with two sons, and Mark, a 50-year-old divorcee with two daughters, become engaged and live together. The family itself is a symbol. These roles are up for interpretation. For the past two years, they have been living together in a condo they purchased jointly. Sociology is a discipline in the social sciences which studies human society and group behavior in society. The functionalist perspective, also called functionalism, is one of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology. It is usually followed and critiqued by the Marxist perspective on the family and Feminist Perspectives on the family. The conflict theorists believe that conflict is bound to happen in a marriage because of all the things in our lives that we share with our partners and the source of that conflict is power. c. heterogamy. Like other social phenomena, it is a social construct that is subject to the ebb and flow of social norms and ever-changing meanings. When it comes to gay rights, sociological imagination can be tricky. - a plan is included on the slide. When family members move outside of these roles, the family is thrown out of balance and must recalibrate in order to function properly. The ‘sexual’ function refers to the regulation of sexual activity. In each family, there is a division of labor that consists of instrumental and expressive roles. This is an example of a. cohabitation. The sociological perspective called symbolic interactionism focuses on symbols that affect people's interactions. Radcliffe-Brown: A British social anthropologist from the early twentieth century who contributed to the development of the theory of structural-functionalism. This solution helps discuss the concept of marriage from both a functionalist perspective and a conflict perspective. Functionalist Perscpective of Gay Marriage. Conflict theorists find disputes over the division of household labor to be a common source of marital discord. evaluation of the Functionalist perspective. Sociologists study families on both the macro and micro level to determine how families function. Functionalism and the conflict theory are two perspectives used in Sociology between which some difference can be identified. The postmodernist view believes that the nuclear family is no longer the norm and therefore the functionalist theory is not relevant to today’s society. The first study of marital power was performed in 1960. Wasn’t it only a piece of paper? Macro perspective meaning it views social development related to balance and change within society. This function may change based on the era in history, it may also change based on what point in the relationship a couple may currently be, and it may also change based on the specific culture that is being discussed. Functionalist Theory Same Sex Marriage 1193 Words | 5 Pages. Functionalists view all parts of society based on the function they serve. They also believe society is based on a consensus and there is no time for conflict, although it is acknowledged but is seen as only a temporary disturbance, which can be resolved. Interactionists also recognize how the family status roles of each member are socially constructed, playing an important part in how people perceive and interpret social behavior. Durkheim (functionalist) believes that as a society we need deviance to promote social change and social unity, without deviance we cannot define and clarify our moral boundaries. Another criticism would be that Functionalists do not consider the validity of other family structures such as the Nayar or the Kibbutz who can also perform the four functions. The functionalist perspective sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. Conflict Theory. Jennie McIntyre (1966) was the first scholar to discern the curious paradox of structural functionalism (SF) within the realm of research and theory about families. He does not deny the existence or impact of premarital or extramarital sex, but states that the family offers a socially legitimate sexual outlet for adults (Lee 1985). Sociologists may use a variety of theoretical perspectives to explain events that occur within and outside of the family. Introduction. family: A group of people related by blood, marriage, law or custom. Christina and James met in college and have been dating for more than five years. d. both cohabitation and an extended family. Through each perspective, a different approach is used to understand the society. A lot of our societies have seen discrimination based on sexual orientation and it … Theoretical Perspectives on Marriage and Family Functionalism. In general, conflict theorists tend to study areas of marriage and life that involve inequalities or discrepancies in power and authority, as they are reflective of the larger social structure. Like all institutions, the three sociological perspectives can help us understand marriage and its role in society. These perspectives can apply on different aspects to help us understand the society, for instance, deviance and social control, culture and socialization and so forth. The couple had many discussions about marriage and decided that it just did not seem necessary. Same-sex Marriage Inequality based on sexual orientation is a common social problem people encounter every day of our lives. http://cnx.org/contents/02040312-72c8-441e-a685-20e9333f3e1d/Introduction_to_Sociology_2e. The functionalist views marriage as having a specific and legitimate function within society. According to Murdock, the family (which for him includes the state of marriage) regulates sexual relations between individuals. Marriage is considered by sociologists to be a cultural universal; that is, it exists in some form in all societies. There is greater family and household diversity as a result. “Marriage can be better described as a legal institution that defines and creates social relationsâÂ?¦ This definition of marriage is functional: it defines the relationship according to what promotes familial and societal stability” (Harvard Law Review: pg 8). The functionalist perspective The functionalist perspective is concerned with the functionality of healthcare and health within society and will help you to appreciate the greater social significance of your role as healthcare professionals. plenary whereby students have to identify which key terms are associated with Functionalism. Functionalists identify how society upholds heterosexuality and a marital union between a man and a woman as ideal normative behavior. The Functionalist perspective on the family is usually the very first topic taught within the the families and households module. As the primary agent of socialization and enculturation, the family teaches young children the ways of thinking and behaving that follow social and cultural norms, values, beliefs, and attitudes. These meanings are more free-flowing through changing family roles. Functions of a marriage include the following: * Marriages serve the function of procreation and a stable setting to raise children. Similarly, the terms “mother” and “father” are no longer rigidly associated with the meanings of caregiver and breadwinner. ... To do this, an observer needs to be unbiased and be able to view the society as an outsider. Interactionists view the world in terms of symbols and the meanings assigned to them (LaRossa and Reitzes 1993). Structural functionalism, in sociology and other social sciences, a school of thought according to which each of the institutions, relationships, roles, and norms that together constitute a society serves a purpose, and each is indispensable for the continued existence of the others and of society as a whole. This function may change based on the era in history, it may also change based on what point in the relationship a couple may currently be, and it may also change based on the specific culture that is being discussed. Although only a relatively few researchers in the 1960s labeled themselves as SF-types, the great bulk of published work in the study of families was, she noted, shaped by SF assumptions, perspectives, and views of the social world. Functionalism describes the functions of marriage, which include socialization of … We need gay marriage to deviate society and brake the traditional marriage/relationship and encourage equality for all. Traditional Failures: Fundamentalist View Of Marriage Still Out Of Touch. As money is one of the most valuable resources, men who worked in paid labor outside of the home held more power than women who worked inside the home (Blood and Wolfe 1960). Full Text. b. an extended family. Radcliffe-Brown: A British social anthropologist from the early twentieth century who contributed to the development of the theory of structural-functionalism. Husbands and wives have sexual access to each other, and in all societies, there are norms concerning sexual activity outside marriage. They view society as an organism and each aspect of it has a specific function (role) to play. This outlet gives way to reproduction, which is a necessary part of ensuring the survival of society. In this perspective, the symbols related to marriage … To some, it is a father, mother, and children; to others, it is any union that involves respect and compassion. Functionalists view the family as a nuclear family and assume that the family is a positive beneficial institution in which family members receive unconditional love, nurturing and care. You’ll have more success on the Self-Check, if you’ve completed both Readings in this section. The functionalist views marriage as having a specific and legitimate function within society. This content was COPIED from BrainMass.com - View the original, and get the already-completed solution here! This is very important because it lets people view issues not on a personal level but how they affect the society as a whole. Marriage is an important part of society. The individuals involved in marriage were given a socially sanctioned way to fulfill their emotional and physical needs. Probably the most fundamental thing is that people’s attitudes towards marriage have change. Much has been decried of, in social conservative circles, about the dangers facing society due to agents ranging from "atheists" to "the homosexual agenda." The conflict perspective focuses on conflict as a part of marriage instead of how it contributes to the well-being of society like the functionalist perspective. Men tend to assume the instrumental roles in the family, which typically involve work outside of the family that provides financial support and establishes family status. A new poll shows that support for marriage equality is at an all-time high: It’s at 59 percent, in fact. Evidence for this being a functionalist view on the family is that the idea of the four basic functions was created by George Murdock. Marriage serves important social functions, and social norms often determine the role each spouse takes in a marriage. The idea that marriage is a necessary tradition or a sacred duty have declined drastically, marriage is now seen as a choice. Household labor offers no wages and, therefore, no power. Mar 11, 2015 by Sarah E. Jones. While Christina and James were confident in their decision to enter into a commitment like a 20-year mortgage, they are unsure if they want to enter into marriage. the law. Functionalism’s level of analysis is based on a macro structure setting. A functionalist theorist examines the consequences of a specific institution for society as a whole. Studies indicate that when men do more housework, women experience more satisfaction in their marriages, reducing the incidence of conflict (Coltrane 2000). Conflict theorists are quick to point out that U.S. families have been defined as private entities, the consequence of which has been to leave family matters to only those within the family. Although they are strongly committed to one another, they never actually go ahead with the marriage. The functionalist view would support traditional and historical family norms to reduce the divorce rate. 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